The relationship between humans and non-human animals is one of profound contradiction. We share our homes with dogs and cats, yet confine millions of pigs and chickens in industrial sheds. We marvel at dolphins’ intelligence while orcas perform tricks for fish. This moral tension lies at the heart of two distinct but overlapping movements: and animal rights .
While often used interchangeably, focuses on the quality of an animal's life and the duty of care humans owe them, whereas animal rights posits that animals have inherent moral worth and should not be used by humans at all. Modern legislation, such as the Animal Welfare Act in the U.S., primarily codifies welfare standards to ensure humane treatment in research, agriculture, and exhibition. 2. Core Frameworks of Animal Welfare The relationship between humans and non-human animals is
, these freedoms are the gold standard for assessing animal welfare: Freedom from Hunger and Thirst : Access to fresh water and a diet to maintain health. Freedom from Discomfort This moral tension lies at the heart of
Peter Singer’s 1975 book, Animal Liberation , is often cited as the catalyst for the modern movement. Singer argued through a utilitarian lens, suggesting that the capacity to suffer—not intelligence or "personhood"—is what entitles a being to moral consideration. This challenged "speciesism," a term used to describe the human-centered prejudice against other species. Key Issues in the Current Landscape 1. Factory Farming and Industrial Agriculture Factory Farming and Industrial Agriculture