: A scientific and pragmatic approach focused on the quality of life for animals under human care. It accepts that humans use animals for food, research, and companionship but insists this must be done as humanely as possible.
The bridge between these two schools of thought is . Modern science has proven that many animals—not just mammals, but birds, cephalopods (like octopuses), and even some insects—possess the capacity to feel pain, joy, and boredom. : A scientific and pragmatic approach focused on