The conflict resulted in significant human suffering. Estimates suggest that over 1,000 people were killed, and many more were displaced. The city of Sampit was left in ruins, and the local economy was severely damaged.

, the conflict was driven by long-simmering tensions rather than a single event: Transmigration Policy:

The violence has also had broader implications for Indonesia, highlighting the need for greater understanding, tolerance, and reconciliation between different ethnic and religious groups. The conflict has also raised questions about the role of the state in promoting social cohesion and addressing issues of inequality and injustice.

The violence quickly escalated, with both sides committing atrocities. The Dayak people, who are predominantly Christian and animist, attacked Madurese settlements, burning homes and killing many people. The Madurese, who were largely unarmed, were caught off guard and were unable to defend themselves.

: Initiated by the Dutch and continued by the Indonesian government, this program brought thousands of Madurese to Borneo starting in the 1930s.