In Stata, panel data (also known as longitudinal data) consists of observations of the same entities—such as individuals, firms, or countries—over multiple time periods

Standard summary statistics often fail to capture the nuances of panel data. Stata provides specialized commands to explore the variation within and between your units. 1. xtdescribe

This command calculates the summary statistics for the dependent variable depvar and the independent variable indepvar .

xtscc gdp fdi trade gcf, fe lag(2)