Using the 28 Arabic letters as cosmological symbols.

Written in the 13th century, Shams al-Ma‘arif is one of the most famous—and controversial—grimoires in the Islamic world. It synthesizes Neoplatonic, Hermetic, and Sufi concepts with Arabic letter mysticism (based on the abjad numerical system). Al-Buni claimed to have derived the work from “hidden names of God” and angelic correspondence.

Digital archives like those found on Internet Archive and Scribd provide accessible entry points for those who cannot access physical manuscripts.